My own research has shown that for Muslims, talking about their religion and religious beliefs during therapy is welcomed and appreciated. Muslims recovering from substance abuse found that rediscovery of their faith has often acted as the much-needed catalyst to abstain from drug use. Research carried out on Muslim populations show that religiosity and spirituality benefit the mental health of Muslim adherents.
Studies show that people who believe religion is important are less likely to use tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. Similarly, religion has been associated with positive drug-related outcomes in a number of ways, such as altering behaviour-influencing value or by functioning as external control factors. The former is a spiritual problem in the sense that it affects relationships and impacts values and beliefs. Cook contends that there is an intrinsic relationship between substance dependence and spirituality. 171) that can reduce substance abuse and function as mechanisms against relapse. Research has shown that spirituality and religion are protective factors (, p. They do not take into consideration existential issues related to the nature of human beings, their religiosity and spirituality. These models are based on a Cartesian distinction between the body and the mind/soul. It is criticized as being blindly prejudiced and judgmental, although it lays the burden of responsibility for rehabilitation on the shoulders of the addict. The focal point of this model is that people become addicts out of their own volition. In contrast to the “disease model”, an unpopular model in medical circles is the “moral model”. One of the positive aspects of the model is that it helps to remove social stigma and blame from the addict and encourages the view that users are victims who need help and not condemnation. The model’s central thesis is that addiction is a biological phenomenon and, thus, genetically passed from parents to children. One such model, which is controversial among scientists, is called the “disease model”. Various theories have been proposed to explain the causes of drug use from a variety of disciplines, such as biology, sociology, and psychology. These conditions are necessary but not sufficient to explain why people use and abuse drugs. It is argued that in order for drug use to take place, two preconditions need to be present: (1) predisposition and (2) availability. From the outset, it should be made clear that within this article, drug use is intended to refer to recreational drug use and not as a part of medical treatment.
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